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Table of Contents
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
APA Citation for Resource
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Links
Summary
Outline
Chapter 01 Writing for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Type of Articles
1.01 Empirical Studies 1.02 Literature Reviews 1.03 Theoretical Articles 1.04 Methodological Articles 1.05 Case Studies 1.06 Other Types of Articles
Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing
Ensuring the Accuracy of Scientific Knowledge
1.07 Ethical Reporting of Research Results 1.08 Date Retention and Sharing 1.09 Duplicate and Piecemeal Publication of Data 1.10 Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism
Protecting the Rights and Welfare of Research Participants
1.11 Rights and Confidentiality f Research Participants 1.12 Conflict of Interest 1.13 Publication Credit 1.14 Reviewers 1.15 Author's Copyright on an Unpublished Manuscript 1.16 Planning for Ethical Compliance
Chapter 02 Manuscript Structure and Content
Journal Article Reporting Standards
Manuscript Elements
2.01 Title 2.02 Author's Name (Byline) and Institutional Affliation 2.03 Author Note 2.04 Abstract 2.05 Introduction 2.06 Method 2.07 Results 2.08 Discussion 2.09 Multiple Experiments 2.10 Meta-Analyses 2.11 References 2.12 Footnotes 2.13 Appendices and Supplemental Materials
Sample Papers
Chapter 03 writing Clearly and Concisely
Organization
3.01 Length 3.02 Organizing a Manuscript With Headings 3.03 Levels of Heading 3.04 Seriation
Writing Style
3.05 Continuity in Presentation of Ideas 3.06 Smoothness of Expression 3.07 Tone 3.08 Economy of Expression 3.09 Precision and Clarity 3.10 Linguistic Devices 3.11 Strategies to Improve Writing Style
Reducing Bias in Language
General Guidelines for Reducing Bia
Guideline 1: Describe at the Appropriate Level of Specificity Guideline 2: Be Sensitive to Labels Guideline 3: Acknowledge Participation
Reducing Bias by Topic
3.12 Gender 3.13 Sexual Orientation 3.14 Racial and Ethnic Identity 3.15 Disabilities 3.16 Age 3.17 Historical and Interpretive Inaccuracies
Grammar and Usage
3.18 Verbs 3.19 Agreement of Subject and Verb 3.20 Pronouns 3.21 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers and Use of Adverbs 3.22 Relative Pronouns and Subordinate Conjunctions 3.23 Parallel Construction
Chapter 04 The Mechanics of Style
Punctuation
4.01 Spacing After Punctuation Marks 4.02 Period 4.03 Comma 4.04 Semicolon 4.05 Colon 4.06 Dash 4.07 Quotation Marks 4.08 Double and Single Quotation Marks 4.09 Parentheses 4.10 Brackets 4.11 Slash
Spelling
4.12 Preferred Spelling 4.13 Hyphenation
Capitalizaton
4.14 Words Beginning a Sentence 4.15 Major Words in Titles and Headings 4.16 Proper Nouns and Trade Names 4.17 Nouns Followed by Numerals or Letters 4.18 Titles of Tests 4.19 Names of Conditions or Groups in an Experiment 4.20 Names of Factors, Variables, and Effects
Italics
4.21 Use of Italics
Abbreviations
4.22 Use of Abbreviations 4.23 Explanation of Abbreviations 4.24 Abbreviations Accepted as Words 4.25 Abbreviations Used Often in APA Journals 4.26 Latin Abbreviations 4.27 Scientific Abbreviations 4.28 Other Abbreviations 4.29 Plurals of Abbreviations 4.30 Abbreviations Beginning a Sentence
Numbers
4.31 Numbers Expressed in Numerals 4.32 Numbers Expressed in Words 4.33 Combining Numerals and Words to Express Numbers 4.34 Ordinal Numbers 4.35 Decimal Fractions 4.36 Roman Numerals 4.37 Commas in Numbers 4.38 Plurals of Numbers
Metrication
4.39 Policy on Metrication 4.40 Style for Metric Units
Statistical and Mathematical Copy
4.41 Selecting Effectice Presentation 4.42 References for Statistics 4.43 Formulas 4.44 Statistics in Text 4.45 Statistical Symbols 4.46 Spacing, Alignment, and Punctuation
Equations
4.47 Equations in Text 4.48 Dsiplayed Equations 4.49 Preparing Statistical and Mathematical Copy
Chapter 05 Displaying Results
General Guidance on Tables and Figures
5.01 Purpose of Data Displays 5.02 Design and Preparation of a Data Display 5.03 Graphical Versus Textual Presentation 5.04 Formatting Tables and Figures 5.05 Table and Figure Numbers 5.06 Permission to Reproduce Data Displays
Tables
5.07 Conciseness in Tables 5.08 Table Layout 5.09 Standard Forms 5.10 Relation of Tables and Text 5.11 Relation Between Tables 5.12 Table Titles 5.13 Table Headings 5.14 Table Body 5.15 Confidence Intervals in Tables 5.16 Table Notes 5.17 Ruling ot Tables 5.18 Presenting Data in Specific Types of Tables 5.19 Table Checklist
Figures
5.20 Principles of Figure Use and Construction 5.21 Types of Figures 5.22 Standards for Figures 5.23 Figure Legends and Captions 5.24 Planning Figures 5.25 Preparaton of Figures
Presenting Electrophysiological, Radiological, and Other Biological Data
5.26 Electrophysiological Data 5.27 Radiological (Imaging) Data 5.28 Genetic Data 5.29 Photographs 5.30 Figure Checklist
Chapter 06 Crediting Sources
When to Cite
6.01 Plagiarism 6.02 Self-Plagiarism
===Quoting and Paraphrasing 6.03 Direct Quotation of Sources 6.04 Paraphrasing Material 6.05 Direct Quotations of Online Material Without Pagination 6.06 Accuracy of Quotations 6.07 Changes From the Source Requiring No Explanation 6.08 Changes From the Source Requiring Explanation 6.09 Citatons Within Quotations 6.10 Permission to Quote, Reprint, or Adapt
Citing Reference in Text
6.11 One Work by One Author 6.12 One Work by Multiple Authors 6.13 Groups as Authors 6.14 Authors With the Same Surname 6.15 Works With No Identified Author or With an Anonymous Author 6.16 Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses 6.17 Secondary Sources 6.18 Classical Works 6.19 Citing Specific Parts of a Source 6.20 Personal Communications 6.21 Citations in Parenthetical Material
Reference List
6.22 Construction of an Accurate and Complete Reference List 6.23 Consistency 6.24 Using the Archival Copy or Verion of Record 6.25 Order of References in the Reference List 6.26 Refernces Included in a Meta-Analysis
Reference Components
6.27 Author and Editor Information 6.28 Publication Date 6.29 Title 6.30 Publication Information 6.31 Electronic Sources and Locator Information 6.32 Proving Publication Data for Electronic Sources
Chapter 07 Reference Examples
Types and Variations
Examples by Type
7.01 Periodicals 7.02 Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters 7.03 Technical and Research Reports 7.04 Meetings and Symposia 7.05 Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses 7.06 Reviews and Peer Commentary 7.07 Audiovisual Media 7.08 Data Sets, Software, Measurement Instruments, and Apparatus 7.09 Unpublished and Informally Published Works 7.10 Archival Documents and Collections 7.11 Internet Message Boards, Electronic Mailing Lists, and Other Online Communities
Appendix 7.1: References to Legal Materials
A7.01 General Forms A7.02 Text Citations of Legal Materials A7.03 Court Decisions (Bluebook Rule 10) A7.04 Statutes (Bluebook Rule 12) A7.05 Legislative Materials (Bluebook Rule 13) A7.06 Administrative and Executive Materials (Bluebook Rule 14) A7.07 Patents
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Chapter 08 The Publication Process
Editorial Process
8.01 Peer Review 8.02 Manuscript Acceptance or Rejection
Author Responsibilities
8.03 Preparing the Manuscript for Submission 8.04 Complying With Ethical, Legal, and Policty Requirements 8.05 Publisher Policy Requirements 8.06 Working With the Publisher When the Manuscript Has Been Accepted 8.07 Checklist for Manuscript Submission
Appendix
Appendix: Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS), Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards (MARS), and Flow or Participants Through Each State of an Experiment or Quasi-Experiment


